Isishwankathelo: Ukucoca ngemolekyuli, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-short-path distillation, yinkqubo ye-non-equilibrium distillation efezekisa ukwahlula izinto phantsi kwe-vacuum ephezulu ngokusekelwe kumahluko kwindlela ephakathi yokukhululeka kwe-molecular motion yezinto ezahlukeneyo. Itekhnoloji ye-molecular distillation ine-vacuum grade ephezulu, ubushushu obuphantsi be-distillation, ixesha elifutshane lokufudumeza, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokwahlula. Ke ngoko, inokunciphisa ngakumbi iindleko zokwahlula izinto ezikwi-high-boiling-point, ikhusele umgangatho wezinto ezikwi-heat-sensitive, kwaye ifanelekile ukwahlula kunye nokucocwa kwezinto ezikwi-high-boiling-point, ezikwi-heat-sensitive, nezinoku-oxidizable lula. Okwangoku, itekhnoloji ye-molecular distillation isetyenziswe kumashishini afana ne-petrochemical, i-fine chemical, kunye nokutya. Eli phepha lihlalutya ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-molecular distillation ekucoceni i-diglycerides.
Amagama angundoqo: Iteknoloji yokucoca iimolekyuli; ii-diglycerides; ukusetyenziswa kokucoca
Kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, izinto ezininzi zikhona ngendlela yokuxuba. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zemveliso nokusetyenziswa, ezi zinto kufuneka zahlulwe zibe bubunyulu obuthile. Phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlulahlula, i-distillation yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye iteknoloji ye-molecular distillation inika iingenelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Okwangoku, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini leekhemikhali, eli candelo liqalise ukugxininisa ngakumbi ekuqhubekeni kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nenkqubela phambili. Xa kusetyenziswa iteknoloji ye-molecular distillation, iinkalo ezifana nenkqubo yemveliso kunye neemveliso zokugqibela kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwaye zenziwe ngokwembono eluhlaza, ngaloo ndlela zenze uphuhliso lwekhemikhali eluhlaza lube yinyani.
I.Isishwankathelo seTekhnoloji ye-Molecular Distillation
1. Imigaqo esisiseko yeTekhnoloji yokuCoca iiMolecular
Iteknoloji yokucoca iimolekyuli yindlela entsha yokuvelisa iikhemikhali ethe yatsala ingqalelo enkulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Uphawu lwayo olukhethekileyo lukwiteknoloji yokwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni, eyahluke kakhulu kwiindlela zemveli zokucoca iimolekyuli, kwaye ingcono kakhulu kune-distillation yendabuko ngokwezakhono zobugcisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokwahlula. Amandla aqhubayo okwahlula kwiteknoloji yokucoca iimolekyuli avela kwintshukumo yeemolekyuli zezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nomahluko obangelwayo kwiindlela zazo eziphakathi ezikhululekileyo. Xa uxinzelelo olukwi-separator luncipha kwaye ubushushu bunyuka, intshukumo yeemolekyuli iyakhawuleza, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ububanzi beemolekyuli. Njengoko i-separator isebenza, umahluko kwiidayamitha zeemolekyuli uba mkhulu ngakumbi, ekugqibeleni ufezekisa ukwahlulwa kwezinto. Isixhobo sokwahlula siquka i-evaporator, ii-heating plates, ii-condensing plates, njl. Phantsi kwendawo ephezulu ye-vacuum, ukusebenza ngaxeshanye kwee-heating plates kunye nee-condensing plates kubangela ukuba iimolekyuli kulwelo oluxutyiweyo oluluhlaza zahlulwe kwaye zihambe ziye kwii-condensing plates, ekugqibeleni zifezekise ukwahlulwa ngempumelelo.
2. Iiteknoloji eziphambili kwi-Molecular Distillation
Ukuze iteknoloji yokucoca iimolekyuli idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yeekhemikhali eziluhlaza, kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya ngokupheleleyo iiteknoloji eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokucoca iimolekyuli. Kuphela ngokuqonda okucokisekileyo apho ukusetyenziswa kobu buchwepheshe kunokufumana iziphumo ezingcono. Iindlela ezininzi zobugcisa eziphambili zisetyenziswa kwi-molekyuli yokucoca iimolekyuli. Eyokuqala yiteknoloji yokuvala i-vacuum ephezulu. Esi sisitshixo sokuphunyezwa okutyibilikayo kwenkqubo yokucoca iimolekyuli. Ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yokuvala i-vacuum ephezulu kunokudala indawo ye-vacuum ye-molekyuli yokucoca iimolekyuli, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweenkqubo zokucoca iimolekyuli ezilandelayo. I-molekyuli yokucoca iimolekyuli nayo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yetekhnoloji. Kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokucoca iimolekyuli, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwakhiwo lwe-evaporator luyahlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwahlukana kwezinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu. Ukongeza, kukho inkqubo yokuthutha izinto. Oku kusebenza njengomthambo wokusebenza kwetekhnoloji yokucoca iimolekyuli. Le nkqubo ifuna ukulungiswa ngakumbi ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwetekhnoloji yokucoca iimolekyuli nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwayo.
II. Imigaqo kunye neempawu zeMolecular Distillation
1. Imigaqo esisiseko
Ukucoca okuqhelekileyo kusekelwe kukulingana komphunga nolwelo, kudityaniswe nomahluko kwizinga lokuguquguquka phakathi kwezinto, kwaye ukwahlukana kwenziwa kwinqanaba lokubila lomxube. Kwelinye icala, ukucoca iimolekyuli kufezekisa ukwahlukana phakathi kwezinto phantsi kwe-vacuum ephezulu ngokusekelwe kumahluko kwindlela ephakathi ekhululekileyo yokuhamba kweemolekyuli zezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukucoca iimolekyuli yinkqubo yokucoca i-vacuum ephezulu apho ukwahlula kwenziwa ngaphantsi kwenqanaba lokubila kwezinto, okwenza kube yinkqubo yokucoca i-non-equilibrium ngokupheleleyo. Ngexesha lokusebenza kokucoca iimolekyuli, iimolekyuli zecandelo lokukhanya zinendlela enkulu ephakathi ekhululekileyo, ngelixa iimolekyuli zecandelo elinzima zinendlela encinci ephakathi ekhululekileyo. Ukuba umphezulu ojiyileyo ubekwa kumgama ukusuka kumphezulu womphunga ongaphantsi kwendlela ephakathi ekhululekileyo yeemolekyuli zecandelo lokukhanya kodwa omkhulu kunoweemolekyuli zecandelo elinzima, iimolekyuli zecandelo lokukhanya ziya kuwa kumphezulu ojiyileyo kwaye zijiyile. Oku kuphazamisa ukulingana okunamandla kwentshukumo yazo yeemolekyuli, okubangela ukuba ziqhubeke zibaleka. Okwangoku, iimolekyuli zecandelo elinzima, ezingakwaziyo ukufikelela kumphezulu ojiyileyo, zibuyela kumphezulu wokuqala wolwelo kwaye zisondele ngokukhawuleza kukulingana okunamandla. Ngaloo ndlela, izakhi ezahlukeneyo kumxube ziyahlulwa.
2. Iingenelo kunye nemida yeTekhnoloji yokuCoca iiMolecular
Ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yokusebenza kwetekhnoloji yokucoca iimolekyuli, iimpawu ezininzi zingashwankathelwa. Okokuqala, ngokungafaniyo nokucoca okuqhelekileyo, inkqubo yokwahlula i-molekyuli ayifuni indawo enobushushu obuphezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-molekyuli ixhomekeke kakhulu kwintshukumo yeemolekyuli ukuze yahlulwe, kungekhona kwiindawo zokubila. Ke ngoko, ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo, ubushushu kufuneka bugcinwe bungaphantsi kwinqanaba lokubila. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-distillation eqhelekileyo, i-molekyuli ifuna uxinzelelo oluphantsi, kwaye ukuncipha koxinzelelo kukhokelela ekwehleni kwinqanaba lokubila. Ekubeni ubushushu obufunekayo kolu buchwepheshe akufuneki bufikelele kwinqanaba lokubila, ubushushu bokusebenza be-molekyuli i-distillation buphantsi ngokungenakuphepheka kunelo lokucoca okuqhelekileyo. I-molekyuli i-distillation yinkqubo yokucoca engalinganiyo enezibonelelo ezininzi. Eyokuqala bubushushu obuphantsi bokusebenza. Kwi-distillation yeemolekyuli, ukuba iimolekyuli zomphunga ziphuma kwisigaba solwelo, ukwahlukana kunokufezekiswa ngaphandle kokufikelela kwimeko yokubila. Enye inzuzo kuxinzelelo oluphantsi lokusebenza. Ukuze ufumane indlela enkulu ngokwaneleyo, uxinzelelo lwe-distillation kufuneka luncitshiswe. Ngenxa yokuba izixhobo ze-molekyuli zilula kwaye ukwehla koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kuncinci, i-vacuum ephezulu inokufezekiswa. Okulandelayo lixesha elifutshane lokufudumeza. Ngokusekelwe kumgaqo we-molecular distillation, iimolekyuli zokukhanya eziphuma kumphezulu womphunga zifikelela kumphezulu ojiyileyo ngaphandle kokungqubana, nto leyo ebangela ixesha elifutshane kakhulu lokufudumeza. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kuphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusebenza kwe-molecular distillation kufuneka kwanelise iimeko ezininzi. Okokuqala, kufuneka kubekho umahluko othile kwiindlela eziphakathi ezikhululekileyo zeemolekyuli zokukhanya kunye neemolekyuli ezinzima. Okwesibini, umgama phakathi komphezulu womphunga kunye nomphezulu ojiyileyo kufuneka ube mncinci kunendlela ephakathi ekhululekileyo yeemolekyuli zecandelo lokukhanya. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-distillation eqhelekileyo, i-molecular distillation ineengenelo ezininzi ezibalaseleyo, kodwa ikwanazo nemida ethile. Ngenxa yokuba i-molecular distillation ifuna ukwahlulwa phantsi kwe-vacuum ephezulu, ifuna izixhobo ezibiza kakhulu kunye noyilo oluphezulu kunye neemfuno zobugcisa.
III. Ukwenziwa kwee-Enzymatic zeDiglycerides
1. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-esterization
I-Esterification isebenzisa i-glycerol kunye nee-free fatty acids njengezinto eziluhlaza kunye ne-lipase njenge-catalyst ukuvelisa i-DAG (diglycerides). Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-esterification, iimveliso ezilandelanayo ezifana ne-TAG (triglycerides) kunye ne-MAG (monoglycerides) ziyaveliswa. Amanzi aveliswa kwi-esterification reaction awathinteli nje kuphela inkqubela phambili ye-reaction kodwa anciphisa nomsebenzi we-lipase. Ke ngoko, ukulawula umxholo wamanzi ofanelekileyo kubalulekile. Ngokwesiqhelo, ubungakanani be-free fatty acids ezibonelelwayo bukhulu kune-glycerol ukubonelela nge-free fatty acids ezaneleyo ze-esterification nge-glycerol, kodwa akufuneki ibe ngaphezulu, kungenjalo kunokuba nzima ukuyisusa ekupheleni kwe-reaction okanye inokuchaphazela umsebenzi we-lipase ngenxa ye-acidity ephezulu. Indlela ye-direct esterification ineengenelo ezifana nexesha elifutshane lokuphendula, ubumsulwa bemveliso ephezulu, kunye namanyathelo alula okuphendula. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-free fatty acids ibiza kakhulu, ixabiso le-direct esterification method liphezulu kakhulu.
2. I-Hydrolysis Engaphelelanga
Indlela ye-hydrolysis engaphelelanga ibandakanya ukusabela kwi-TAG ngamanzi kunye ne-enzyme ukuze kufunyanwe umxube we-DAG, MAG, kunye ne-FFA (ii-fatty acids zasimahla). I-DAG yobumsulwa obuphezulu ifunyanwa ngokususa amanzi, i-MAG, i-FFA, kunye ne-TAG eseleyo ngokusebenzisa i-molecular distillation. Indlela ye-hydrolysis engaphelelanga inenkqubo yokusabela elula kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ingenisa amanzi, anokunciphisa umgangatho weoyile, ingakumbi iioyile ezinomxholo ophezulu we-polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke i-reaction, ukunyibilika kwamanzi kwizinto ezinamafutha kuqala kuchaphazela izinga le-reaction. Ke ngoko, ii-organic solvents okanye ii-surfactants zihlala zongezwa kwi-partial hydrolysis reaction ukwandisa ukunyibilika okuhlangeneyo kwee-reactants kunye nokuphucula isivuno se-DAG.
3. I-Glycerolysis
I-Glycerolysis yeyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu yokwenza i-DAG. I-Enzymatic glycerolysis isebenzisa i-TAG kunye ne-glycerol njengezinto eziluhlaza phantsi kwe-catalysis ye-lipase ukuvelisa i-DAG. Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-glycerolysis, i-glycerol yongezwa kancinci kancinci ukuthintela i-glycerol ukuba ingangeni kwindawo esebenzayo ye-lipase kwaye ichaphazele umsebenzi wayo we-catalytic. Njengendlela ye-hydrolysis engaphelelanga, ii-surfactants zodidi lokutya ngamanye amaxesha zongezwa kwi-glycerolysis reaction ukuze zoyise ingxaki yokungahambelani phakathi kwe-glycerol kunye neeoyile/amafutha.
4. Ukuguqulwa kwee-ester
Indlela ye-transesterification isebenzisa i-TAG kunye ne-MAG njengezinto eziluhlaza phantsi kwe-catalysis ye-lipase ukuvelisa i-DAG. Indlela ye-transesterification ibandakanya amanyathelo amabini: okokuqala, i-hydrolysis reaction ye-TAG, kwaye emva koko i-esterification reaction phakathi kwe-lipase evela kwi-hydrolyzed TAG kunye ne-MAG. Ukulinganisela phakathi kwamanyathelo amabini e-hydrolysis kunye ne-esterification kubalulekile kwaye kukwangumceli mngeni. Ngaphezu koko, iindleko eziphezulu ze-MAG azilungele ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso.
IV. Ukusetyenziswa kweTekhnoloji yokuCoca iiMolecular ekuHlanjululweni kweeDiglycerides
I-DAG (i-diglycerides) luhlobo olutsha lweoyile esempilweni, kodwa umxholo wayo kwiioyile zemvelo kunye namafutha uphantsi kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, imveliso eluhlaza ye-diglycerides eyenziwe ngokwenziwa ikwanazo nezinye iimveliso ezininzi. Ke ngoko, ukucocwa kwe-diglycerides kubaluleke kakhulu. Itekhnoloji yokucocwa kwemolekyuli yenye yezona teknoloji zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwe-diglycerides. Ikwayitekhnoloji entsha nesebenzayo yokwahlula nokucoca, efezekisa injongo yokwahlula nokucoca ngokusebenzisa umahluko kwindlela ephakathi yokuhamba kweemolekyuli zezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ibonisa ubushushu obuphantsi bokucocwa, ixesha elifutshane lokufudumeza, ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlula, akukho ngcoliseko, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa ukwahlula nokucoca iimveliso zendalo ezinamaqondo aphezulu okubila, uvakalelo lobushushu, kunye ne-oxidation elula. Le ndlela inokuthintela ngempumelelo ukuwohloka kobushushu kwezinto ezinobushushu kwaye ezicocwa lula. Ingasetyenziswa nakwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinamaqondo aphezulu okubila okanye umahluko omncinci kumaqondo okubila. Inamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa ekucoceni i-diglycerides. Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho neengxaki ezithile ekusetyenzisweni kwetekhnoloji yokucocwa kwemolekyuli ekucoceni i-diglycerides. Umzekelo, izixhobo zokucoca iimolekyuli zifuna ukusebenza okuphezulu kokuvala kwaye zibiza kakhulu. Okwangoku, akukho teknoloji inxulumene noko inokusombulula ezi ngxaki, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa iintlobo ezintsha zeendlela zobugcisa kunye netekhnoloji yokucoca iimolekyuli.
Ngamafutshane, ukuthembeka kwetekhnoloji yokucoca iimolekyuli kuye kwabonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo ekusebenzeni, kwaye kunokukhuthaza uphuhliso kunye nenkqubela phambili yobunjineli beekhemikhali eziluhlaza. Ekubeni itekhnoloji yokucoca iimolekyuli inxulumene kakhulu nophuhliso lweetekhnoloji ezinxulumene noko, iTshayina kufuneka iqinise ngakumbi ukutshintshiselana ngobuchwephesha kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamashishini, amaziko, kunye neeyunivesithi, ukuze kubekwe isiseko sokwenza ngcono iiparameter zenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwe-molekyuli kwimizi-mveliso. Itekhnoloji yokucoca iimolekyuli ineenzuzo ezikhethekileyo ekwahlukaniseni nasekucoceni amayeza endalo. Isetyenziswe kakhulu ekwahlukaniseni nasekucoceni amayeza endalo.
Ukuba unemibuzo malunga netekhnoloji ye-molecular distillation okanye amasimi anxulumene nayo, okanye ukuba ungathanda ukufunda okungakumbi, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukubuzaQhagamshelana nathi iqela leengcali. Sizinikele ekukunikeni inkonzo ekumgangatho ophezulu kunyeIzisombululo zeTurnkey.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-16-2026
